You're going to be spending a lot of time making friends with these farming spots for Operator and Weapon Upgrade Materials in Arknights Endfield. Every operator and their skills (as well as their weapon) in Endfield need to be leveled up with a combination of basic materials and the ones unique to them. These basic materials are always needed in abundance, but what you find by exploring the world and through questing will, of course, never be enough. Here is where you can go and stock up on specific items for building and branching out your favorite teams.
Operator Leveling Experience Materials
There's really only two different types of Experience upgrade items, the Combat Records and the Cognitive Carriers. The former will let you level up your operators from 1 to 60, while the latter is used from level 60 promotion and beyond.
The rarity of these cards only dictates how much EXP your operator eats at a time. And because everyone knows farming these manually is tedious, your OMV Dijiang also features the Manufacturing Cabin where your operators can make them for you over time.
Slow but sustainable; if you're not actively raising someone from scratch these will pile up nicely in your MFG Cabin. If you have operators at all stages of raising and need both varieties for many ops, difficulty 4 at this spot in the Valley Pass Sub-PAC offers the most abundant mixture.

Operator Promotion Material
Protodisks are needed in certain amounts in order to Promote your operators beyond the 20 level bracket, and then again every 20 levels. After your second promotion tier, the operators will be using the higher rarity of this item, Protoset. Both can be farmed at this spot near the Core AIC Area, with different difficulties offering various mixes of these two items.

Weapon Leveling Experience Materials
Unlike the leveling of operators in different promotion brackets, this one is pretty straightforward. All three rarities of Arms items will yield EXP for your weapons at any stage, provided that they're tuned and there's room for growth.

Weapon Tuning Material
The Cast Die items come in two varieties; and will let you unlock every other 20-level bracket for leveling your weapons. You can find the farming spot that features both near the Originium Byproduct Processing Center.

Skill Leveling Material
Protoprism and Protohedron are the two items that will allow you to level up the skills of your operators; and both can be farmed at the spot very near Core AIC Area. A combination of these two will carry a skill from level 1 to 9, but beyond that is a whole separate issue of Skill Masteries, which utilizes a different special item.

Special High Tier Operator Leveling Materials
The special tier, or gold tier materials are not only used to bring your operators beyond level 80, but also for high leveling of weapons and skill mastery. A total of 5 types of these materials exists in Endfield as of Beta Test II, and while we may only have access to those 5 on release, we are certain more types will be added as the roster of operators expands.
All are acquired through "Deep Dives", high difficulty challenges that advise teams of level 80+ operators for the undertaking. Each spot provides the main material it's for as a fixed drop, but there is also a chance to obtain a random drop of two other select high tier items. Presumably, this is for ease of access to a certain material in case their fixed drop spot is stonewalling you with its difficulty. The five high tier materials are as such:
D96 Steel Sample 4 Farming Location
The D96 cubes can be farmed in a spot next to the Mines Cable Car Station, accessed from ground level.

Metadiastima Photoemission Tube Farming Location
The tongue-twister tubes are found on the Power Plateau, but don't get fooled by the Bonekrusher Warcamp teleport point, as it's actually one level below. Make sure you approach from the Plateau Trunkway instead.

Quadrant Fitting Formation Farming Location
This material can be found on top of a building in the Tianshi Bureau Academy in Wuling City. The stairs for reaching the highest level can be found on the south side of the building.

Tachyon Screening Lattice Farming Location
You can top up on Tachyon Screening Lattices in the Jingyu Valley, near the Sky King Flats Sub-PAC.

Triphasic Nanoflake Farming Location
Triphasic Nanoflakes are easily accessed in the Bureau of Swordmancers in Wuling City, on ground level.

A: Triphasic Nanoflake can be found in Wuling City, in the south entryway to the Bureau of Swordmancers.
A: Tachyon Screening Lattice farming location is found in the Wuling's Jingyu Valley, north-west of the Sub-PAC.
A: Quadrant Fitting Formation can be found on top of a building in the Tianshi Academy Bureau, following a few flights of stairs around the building.
A: Metadiastima Photoemisssion Tube is found in Valley IV, on the Power Plateau, in the west part of the Plateau Trunkway
A: D96 Steel Sample 4 is available at the Mines Cable Car Station in the Originium Lodespring.
Those are all the materials you'll be farming in order to level your operators and their weapons to their fullest potential. For other needed materials that you can't farm in the truest sense of word, but have to move around the world and collect instead, check out our Rare Growths and Ores Locations, and make sure to follow Pro Game Guides to stay in the loop with the freshest Endfield news.